Silencer for gas-engines, &amp;c.



H. P. MAXIM.

SILENGBR POP. GAS ENGINES das.

APPLIGATIONTILBD NOV.25, 1912.

Patented May 6, 1913 mit semiieri-ewa n einem 'PERCY Maxine; orififiaiirronn, ooNiiiiioTroii-'rg Il' "LENCERQFQOR easLENGINEs, `aa-Ff To all 'whom t may concern Beit known that I, HIRAM PERCY MAXIM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have made a certainv new and' useful Invention Relating to Silencers for Gas-Envities,lf&c., of which the following is a specification, taken' in connection with the accompanying drawing, forming part of the same. 'l

yThis invention relates to silencers for gas engines and the like to inutile or deaden the noise of the exhaust and to smooth out the sharp gaseous impulses, and may'cornprise.

an eccentrically arranged nested series of spiral shells having slightly lapping ends forming a compounded series of wide nested spiral whirl chambers, each contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, said shells being preferably mounted Within an outer casing by suitable grooved supports which may conveniently comprise an independently adjustable intermediate support within the casing to engage one end of each of said shells. y(

In the accompanying drawing showing in a. somewhat diagrammatic way several illustrative embodiments of this invention, Fig,

iire l is a longitudinal sectional view. Fig. Q is a transverse section thereof.; and F-ig. 3 is a-similar section through another construction.

This silencer preferably comprises a nested I series of spiral shells of any suitable metal or material, such as steel or of galvanized iron, or even brass, for salt water boat silencei's and these wide shells which preferably have slightly lapping spiral ends, may lie preferably but not necessarily given a cilindro-spiral form such as shell 15 shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The series of spiral shells of any desired form may be nested together, that is, fitted-more or less Vone inside another, so as to forni a nested series of whirl chambers for the. exhaust gaseous material,

and direct it around the spiral passages 0i whirl chambers formed between the shells. ln order to increase the silencing and equalizing action ii is Idesirable to have some of '1 these spiral whirl chambers reversed in direction from the others so as to cause the gases which have been whirling in a right handed direction, for instance', to reverse speieation f" renters Patent.- Appiication inea Neyeiberfes'. 1912.

in another whirl chamber and whirl in a left-handed /direction An effectiveysilencing and eqiializingv actioncan be secured with an alternately reversing series of such spiral whirl chambers, thatis, a series in which every 4alternate whirl' chamber "reverses the direction 'of movement of' tliekexhaust gases for similar materialiwhich' 'may of course be admittedto Aeither/rend of this series-of whirl chambers, although-in'some cases it is desirable to have the shells ar- .ranged so as to givethe final whirl chambers a greater cross-section than the preceding chambers.' 'f I' As indicated inkFigf 2,- the' inner shell; 15 has slightly lapping spira-l endswfhichform the constrictedy discharge throat 16'when the exhaust gases arefadmittedfto "the'vinnerf chamber formed by thisI eylindrospiral shell. One orrmo're outershellsimay'be4 provided, such as 13,-lwhi'cli has similarly lapped spiral ends formiiiga constricted admission passage 14 tof-the vsucceedingl whirl chamber while the spiral'whirl chamber Vformed Ibetween the shells 13Van'd y15 is thus provided with a dischargethroatll 'Another shell, such as 10,havingV corrugated or otherits lapping ends `arranged-"tofo'rm` an admission end 11 of thef'succeedinfg whiilchamber while the constrictedfldischarge*throat 31 of the preceding.' chamber is simultaneously formed. Any 'desired numbe'rof these nested shells may be employed tolseci'irelthe desired silencing "action, the Vcapacity ofthe silencer being of course dependent uponthe width or axial eXteiitof these v'shells and as shown in Fig. 2jthel'oiiteis"` shell I9 vmaybe formed of corrugatedor otherwise roughened material and "providefd'with 'lapping titl which is valuable/ ie, deadeuing through cross reflection,` interference action and so forth the noise of the exhaust generated within the gas engine aand adjacent parts. The shells are also preferably so arranged that each discharge throat is singularly ad vanced in its discharging direction beyond the adnfiission end of the succeeding whirl chamber as indicated and it is also usually desirable to give the tinal Whirl chambers a progressively greater cross-section than the preceding .chambers for best results, the decreased .centrifugal effects in the outer larger `adius chambers acting on the slower moving gases being also beneficial where the exhaust gases are admitted to the inner chambers as in the illustrative forni'of silencer shown in the drawing.. llhe desired number oi. these nested spiral shells may be coliveniently arranged Within a suitable inclosing casing, such as S, which may be conveniently made cylindrical and as indicated in the draw-v ings the shells and casing may be mounted within suitable supports so as to be firmly held in position. These supports may be formed with recesses, grooves or lugs to properly support the shells and casing and it is desirable to have an intermediate support for one end of each of the shells so as to allovv them to be independently adjusted and secured in position before the inclosing .casing is applied and secured in position by suitably connecting bolts or other.` means holding in position the supports which may comprise any desired admission and discharge connections for theexhaust gases and also for coolingtluid in some cases.

The support 1 may as indicated be formed with a suitable annular recess or roove 24 for the casing which may be tightlyV h ld therein iii-connection with any desired form of packing, and the guiding grooves or ribs 23 serve to hold the inner shells in proper aline-ment.v The other ends of the shells may. be conveniently supported in 'a grooved or ribbed intermediate support 33 having the ribs or projections 23 formed ,thereon- :tor cooperation with the shells. This inter- 'mediate support may be securely held in position yby tightening up the nuts 22 on the connecting' bolts 17, 18, 19, which as shown in Fig. 2 are preferably attened more or less to minimize their interference with the gases in the Whirl chambers. When the shells have been thus assembled the cas` ingle may be placed in position and firmly secured by tightening up' the nuts 21 at the outer endsl of these connecting bolts, thus leaving free the cylindrical outer surface of Ithe casing. The supports may be formed with suitable admission connections such as the threaded connection 5 3 used in this instance 'for conducting into'the silencer the exhaust tro-rn. the c ine and so forth and a suitable iuid admissionconnec tion 6 may be provided through which cooling Water or the like may be admitted into the rst silencer Whirl chamber through the radial passage 5. A suitably threaded discharge connect-ion l may bei provided in the other support .for the discharge gases and a. threaded drip connection 7 `may also he formed for the discharge ot the cooling tluid from the silencer. Fig. 3 shows a somewhat similar arrangement in Which the nested spiral shells within the casiifg are shown as smooth and do not have the sameprogres sive radial expansion between the different ivhirl chambers. The outer spiral shell Q5 may1 have slightly lapping ends and this is also the case with the inner shells 26,27 and QS which may be more or less eccentrieally arranged as indicated.

The sharp intermittent puits or gas im? pulses of the gas engine crhaust are received into the silencer and given a rapid whirling motion inr the vvhirl chambers, the inertia of the rapidly moving gases being in this Way utilized to momentarily retard their` progressive movement through the diderent Whirl chambers unt-il they have been considerably slowed down. This action is also the exhaust within the engine` and adj acont parts Vare so muffled and deadencd in the spiral passages which for this purpose are preferably given a more or less reverse mega' hone shape so that by cross-refiecti'on yinter erence and other deadening e'tlects Within the silencer the originalobjectionable noise can be ractically eliminated.

This invention as been described in conneet-ion with a number `of illustrative cm` bodiments, Ivforms, proportions, materials, constructionstand arrangements ot parts to the details of which disclosure the invention is'not of course to be limited, since what is I claimed asliew and what is desired to be secured Letters Patent is set forth ,f/in the appended claims.

1. The silencer for gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed7 eccentica-ily arranged. nested series of wide cylindrOspiral'shells having slightly lapping ends and forming a compounded series of Wide alternately reversing spiral whirl chambers, each gradually expanding radially' from its attfnission end and graduahg con-- .promoted by thereverse arrangement of diftrae'ting toward its constrict'ed discharge ,throat-,feach discharge throat being angularly-advanc'e'c n its`"discli`arging direction beyond "the 'facm'issi'onl end of the succeedv ing outer chamber receiving material therefrom, the tlnal outer Whirl chambers having corrugated or roughenedivalls and having a progressively greater cross-section than t-hc preceding chambers a casing Within Which. saidshells arearranged, grooved supports in Whiclrsaid-v asing are' mounted rand provided. n ission and discharge` 'connections suitable, for exhaust glSS fflldlff Colingf id, said supports comprising anindepend n tly adjustable intermediate support. ,Witlnnfsaid casing for one end of ea'choffsa'id shellsand connecting means cooperating-With said, supports.

2. The silencer tengas engines and the like comprising a,'re.versel,y directed, eccentrically arranged n d series of Wide cylindre-.sp ial `shell gwslightly lapping` ends and forming a compounded series of Wide ,alternatelygY res ,erxsi'ng spiral Whirl chambers,each ally expanding radially fromits admissioniidfand gradually contracting toward itsdconstricted discharge throat eachdischarge throat being angu- `larly advanced in its discharging direction beyond the admission, end of the succeeding outer chamber receiving .material therefrom, a `casing ,ivithinuvhichf said shells are arranged, grooveld supportsjlin which said shells and ca ling are mounted and provided with' adm ongvaaiddischarge connections suitableftcr erhaustgasesand for fluid, and f connecting means; perating with said supl ports'.

3. The silencer for gas 'engines-and the like comprising a reversely directed, eccentrically arranged nestedA series. of Wide cylindrespiral shellsfhavinglapping ends and form'- ing aV compounded serieslofivide alternately reversing spiral Whirl chambers.` each eX- panding-radially fromitsadmission end and graduali ,contracting ,toward its constricted discharge throat. each; ischarge throat bei-,i ing augularly I advanced in its discharging f' direction heyondithe admission end ot the succeeding outer chamber receiving material there troia; a casing Within -which said shells are arranged;'grooyed supports in which .said shel re mounted and pro- *charge cont @fases and for encon c 01 sirginesand the like ng a: ,re'rerse l -1rv c,ted.'nested series t avide cylindro-spiral shells Shaving lapping Ands and forming af,\compounded series ot Wide,,alternatelyr reversingspiral Whirl c'hambersg'each expandingradially 'from its admis. on-endand contractiing` toward its const throat being angularly advanced in its discharging direction beyond th admission end of the succeeding outer chamber receiving material therefrom, a casing Within which said shells are arranged, grooved supports in which said shells and casing are mounted and. provided with admission and discharge connections suit-able for e\hausty gases.

5. The silencer for gas engines and the like.

comprising a reversely directed, nested series of spiral shells having lapping ends and forming a compounded series of Wide alternately reversing' spiral Whirl chambers, each expanding radially from its admission end and contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat being angularly advanced in its discharging direction beyond the admission end of the succeeding'- chamber receiving material therefrom, a casing Within which said shells are arranged, grooved supports in which said shells and casing are mounted and provided with admission and discharge connections suitable for exhaust gases.

6. The silencer for gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed nested series of spiral shells forming a compounded series of Wide' alternately reversing spiral whirl chambers, each expanding radially from its admission end and contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, a casing Within which said shells are arranged, grooved supports in Which said shells and casing are mounted and provided with admission and discharge connections suitable for exhaust gases. t v

7. The silencer for gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed, eccentrieally arranged, `nested series of Wide cylindrespiral shells having slightly7 lapping ends and forming a compounded'series of Wide reversing spiral Whirl chambers, each expanding radially from its admission end and contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat being angularly advanced in its discharging direction beyond the admission end ot the succeeding outer chamber receiving' material therefrom, the inal outer whirlchambers having corrugated or roughened Walls and having -a `progressively 'greater cross-section than rtedY discharge throat,l` each diseharge'i` panding radiallyfrom its admission end and lll) contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat being angu- -larly advanced in its discharging direction beyond the admission end of the succeeding outer chamber receiving material therefrom, the final outer Whirl chambers having a progressively greater cross-section than 'the preceding chambers, a casing within which said shells are arranged and supports in which said shells and casing are mounted and provided with admission and dis-- charge connections suitable for exhaust gases. y

9. The silencer 'for gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed, nested series of spiral shells forming a compounded series f ivide reversing' spiral Whirl chan'ibers, each expanding radially from its admission end and contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat being angularly advanced in. its discharging direction beyond the admission end of the succeeding chamber receiving material therefrom, the linal Whirl chambers having a progressivelv greater cross-section than the preceding chambers, a easing Within which said shells are arranged and supports in which said shells and casing are mounted and provided vvith admission and discharge con nections suitable for exhaust gases.

l0. The silencer for gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed, nested series of spiral shells forming a compounded series of wide reversing spiral Whirl ehambers, each expanding radially from its admission end and contracting toward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat being angularly advanced in its discharging direction bevond the admission end o ii the succeeding chamber receiving material therefrom, a casing Within which said shells are arranged.

l1. The silencer for gas engines and the lilte comprising a. reversely directed, eccentrically arranged nested series of spira-l shells haring slightly lapping' ends forming a compounded series of Wide nested spiral' Whirl chambers cach contracting toward its constricted discharge throatto smooth out sharp gaseous impulses and deaden noise and an admission connection communicat-A ing with the inner one of said shells.

1Q. The silencer for engines and the like comtnfising` a rcversely directed, nested series ot spiral shells having lapping portions ter-ming a compounded series oit' wide nested spiral whirl chambers contracting toward their constricted discharge throats to smooth out sharp gaseous impulses and deaden noise-and an admission connection communicating' with the inner one of said shells.

. rlhe silencer for gas engines and the lilte comprising a reversely directed, nested incenso series of spiral shells Jforming a compound ed series of nested spiral Whirl chambers each contracting toward its constricted discharge throat to smooth out sharp gaseous impulses and deaden noise and an admission connection communicating .with one of said shells.

.14. The silencer for gas engines and the like comprising a nested' series of spiral shells forming a compounded series of nested spiral Whirl chambers to smooth out sharp gaseous impulses and deaden noise and an admission connection communicating with one of said shells.

15. The silencer adapted Jfor use with gas engines and the like comprising areversely directed, nested series of spiral shells form ing a compounded series of nested spiral whirl chambers to smooth out sharp gaseous impulses 'and deaden noise and-an admission connection con'nnunicating with one of saidl shells.

16. The silencer adapted for use with gas engines and the like comprising a reversely directed, nested series of spiral shells form ing a compounded series of Wide reversing spiral -Whirl chambers, each contracting to- Ward its constricted discharge throat, each discharge throat beingangularly advanced in its discharging direction beyond the admission end of the succeeding chamber receiving material therefrom, and a casing Within which said shells are arranged.

17;'1`he silencer' adapted for use with gas engines and the like comprising a nested series of spiral shells forming a compoundedseries of nested spiral whirl chambers, a casing Within which said shells are arranged and grooved supports in which said shells and casing are mounted comprising an independentl;7 adjustable intermediate support within said casing 'for one endof each ot' said shells.

1S. The silencer adapted tor use with gas engines arid the. like comprising a'series of shells forming passages, a casing within which said shells are arranged and supports in which said shells and casing are mounted comprising an indepondentl)v 'adjustable intermediate support Within said casing.

19.` The silencer for gas engines and so forth, coniln'ising a revcrsely directed nested series oil. spiral shells having lapping portions forming a compounded series ol' nested spiral Whirl chambers, the discharge throats of said chambers being angiilarly advanced in their discharging direction beyond the admission portions of the succeeding chambers receiiifing material therefrom to smooth out gaseous impulses and deaden noise.

20. The silencer adapted 'for use With gas engines and so forth, comprising a reverselv directed nested ser.' es of spiral shells each having ping portions to 'torni narrow constricted discharge throats discharging charging substantially circumferentially 10 a Wide thin stream substantiallyY circumferand an outer inclosing spiral shell forming entially formingnested spiral Whirl chambers to smooth out bers to smoothl out sharp gaseous impulses sharp gaseous impulses and deaden noise.

l anddeaden noise. 21. The silencer adapted for use With gas l HIRAM PERCY MAXIM. engines and so forth, comprising one or Witnesses: more spiral shells having lapping portions HARRY L. DUNCAN, to form constricted discharge throats dis- JEssIE B. KAY.

. M Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. E

a compounded series of 1 a compounded series of spiral Whirl cham-v 

